Transformer Operational Principles, Selection and Troubleshooting

This course combines theoretical and practical aspects of transformer design, operation, maintenance and troubleshooting.

Course Outline

After participating in this course, you will be able to: • Apply transformer operating principles
• Gain knowledge of practical solutions for specifying, operating and maintaining power transformers in a utility or plant environment
• Avoid costly errors from specifying the wrong transformer for your application
• Examine the possibilities of maximizing efficiency and economical performance of your transformer fleet
• Determine transformer specifications to suit various applications
• Analyze the key parameters of power transformers
• Increase your knowledge of both the underlying principles and practical applications of power transformers

Description Transformers are major components of electrical power systems. This course combines theoretical and practical aspects of transformer design,
operation, maintenance and troubleshooting. The course emphasizes the importance of the magnetic properties of the core design on the transformer’s operational performance and electrical properties. It addresses economic trade-offs of transformers in real-world applications.

Objective To provide a comprehensive understanding of principles, selection, testing and commissioning, protection, maintenance and troubleshooting of distribution, and power transformers.

Who Should Attend Electrical engineering professionals who need to update their knowledge, distribution system planners, maintenance managers, and power system consultants. The participants should have a basic understanding of power system operations, but do not necessarily have to be experts. Also, the engineers who are starting their career in the field of power in utilities, industrial or commercial plants and institutional complexes will benefit from this course.

Special Feature The following book is included with your registration: Electric Power Transformer Engineering, Second Edition , CRC Press.

Program Outline
Faculty: Ajit Bapat, P.Eng., M.Eng., MBA

Day I

Registration and Coffee

Welcome, Introduction, Workshop Preview, Learning Outcomes and the Assessment Method

Basic Transformer Theory
• Currents and magnetic fields
• Air core transformer
• The magnetic circuit
• The B-H curve
• Hysteresis, and eddy current losses
• Iron or steel core transformer
• Equivalent circuit of an iron core transformer
• The practical transformer
• Magnetizing currents and harmonics
• Voltage considerations
• Thermal considerations

Power Transformers
• Rating and classifications
• Short circuit duty
• Efficiency and losses
• Construction
• Accessory equipment
• Inrush current
• Modern and future developments

Distribution Transformers
• Construction
• General transformer design
• Transformer locations
• Transformer losses
• Performance
• Transformer loading
• Special tests
• Protection
• Economic application

Underground Distribution Transformers
• Vault installations
• Surface operable installations
• Pad mounted distribution transformers

Dry Type Transformers
• Dry type transformers

Transformer Connections
• Polarity of single-phase transformers
• Angular displacement of three-phase transformers
• Three-phase transformer connections - advantages and disadvantages of the Y-Y connection, the Y-delta and delta-Y connection, the Y-delta
   grounding bank, zigzag connections, comparisons of economy, three phase banks using single phase transformers, transforming two-phase
   voltages into three-phase voltages, the scott-connected connection, autotransformers and three-winding transformers
• Parallelling of transformers

Adjournment

Day II

Loading Power Transformers
• Design criteria
• Nameplate ratings
• Other thermal characteristics
• Thermal profiles
• Temperature profiles
• Temperature measurements
• Predicting thermal response
• Load cyclicality
• Water in transformers under load
• Voltage regulation
• Loading recommendations

Auxiliary Equipment
• Bushings types, standards, design parameters, and testing
• Oil preservation systems
• Cooling equipment
• Temperature and oil level gauges

Load Tap Chargers (LTCs)
• Design and applications of load tap changers
• Rated characteristics and requirements for load tap changers
• Selection of load tap changers
• Maintenance of load tap changers
• Refurbishment replacement of old LTC types

Transformer Selection and Application
• Most economical transformer for your application

Transformer Protection
• Fuses and relays
• Gas relays
• Differential protection
• Code requirements

Transformer Installation
• Transformer installation
• Sample transformer acceptance check list

Testing Transformers
• Standards, and classification of tests
• Sequence of tests
• Voltage ratio and proper connections
• Insulation condition
• Dielectric withstand
• Performance characteristics
• Other tests

Adjournment

Day III

Maintenance and Troubleshooting
• Sample operating and maintenance instructions
• Preventative maintenance and predictive maintenance
• Gas in oil analysis
• Water in oil analysis
• Drying techniques
• Oil dielectric tests
• Sample transformer maintenance checklist
• Problem and failure investigations
• Problem analysis after severe operating conditions where no failure is involved - failure investigations

Power Transformer Equipment Standards and Processes
• Major standards organizations
• Process for acceptance of American National Standards
• Relevant power transformer standards documents

On-Line Monitoring of Liquid-Immersed Transformers
• Benefits
• On-line monitoring systems
• On-line monitoring applications

Questions and Answers and Feedback to Participants on Achievement of Learning Outcomes

Concluding Remarks and Final Adjournment

There will be an hour lunch break each day in addition to a refreshment and networking break during each morning and afternoon session.

Daily Schedule:
8:00 Registration and Coffee (1st Day only)
8:30 Session begins
4:30 Adjournment

Additional Details

Pre-Requisites

Certificates offered

1.8 CEU / 18 PDH

Cancellation Policy

To withdraw from a course, you must send a request, in writing, with the official receipt to our office. Fifteen or more business days in advance: full refund less $50.00 administration charge. Five to fifteen business days in advance: non-refundable credit of equal value for any future EPIC seminar within one year. Credits are transferable within your organization. In case of an unexpected event occurring after this time, you may send someone else to take your place without any additional cost.

Map & Reviews

EPIC Educational Program Innovations Center
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Would have liked more interactive problem solving.

Reviewed by Allen A. 2011